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TABLE 1. Effects of antibiotics, porcine bile salts, and deoxycholate on oxalate degradation by O. formigenes strains Va3 and HC1. All reported events are included except those where a drug cause was remote or the event term so general as to be unhelpful, for example, theo dur for. Health care for visitors in Europe Hilary Hearnshaw Andrea Wild Celia Creagh The University of Warwick - Centre for Primary Health Care Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom E-mail: Hilary.Hearnshaw warwick.ac.
Before taking carvedilol, talk to your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines: a heart medication such as nifedipine procardia, adalat ; , reserpine serpasil ; , verapamil calan, verelan, isoptin ; , diltiazem cardizem, dilacor xr ; , clonidine catapres ; , digoxin lanoxin ; , doxazosin cardura ; , guanadrel hylorel ; , prazosin minipress ; , or terazosin hytrin a diabetes medication such as insulin, glyburide diabeta, micronase, glynase ; , glipizide glucotrol ; , chlorpropamide diabinese ; , or metformin glucophage a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug nsaid ; such as ibuprofen motrin, advil, others ; , naproxen aleve, anaprox, naprosyn, others ; , ketoprofen orudis, orudis kt, oruvail ; , and others; a respiratory medication such as albuterol ventolin, proventil, volmax, others ; , bitolterol tornalate ; , metaproterenol alupent, metaprel ; , pirbuterol maxair ; , terbutaline brethaire, brethine, bricanyl ; , or theophylline theo-dur, theochron, theolair, others ; , and others; the stomach medication cimetidine tagamet, tagamet hb or prescription or over-the-counter cough medicines, cold medicines, or diet pills. 1. Medications administered through the wrong access line can be prevented by: a. knowing your patient's acuity level b. complete a thorough assessment c. identifying devices, access ports d. all of the above Clonidine is a: a. anti-infective b. anti-hypertensive c. anti-psychotic d. anti-spasmodic Digoxin: a. should not be administered if the pulse is less than 60 min b. should not be crushed c. a only d. a and b Plavix: a. reduces the risk of stroke b. inhibits the formation of platelets c. should not be taken with aspirin d. all of the above Theo-dur: a. contracts smooth muscle of the respiratory system b. relaxes the smooth muscles of the respiratory system c. is contraindicated with COPD d. interacts with anti-coagulants The following nursing considerations are appropriate for which medications: Daily weights; check skin tugor; monitor electrolytes; daily BP; possible fatigue; leg cramps: a. Dioxin b. Cardizem c. Lasix d. Lopressor Your patient's feeding tube is plugged. What could have caused this? a. inadequate pill-crushing b. positioning, kinking c. inadequate water flushes d. all of the above 8. Your feeding tube is still plugged. Now what can you do? a. flush with carbonated soda I.E. Coke ; b. force in more water c. D C the feeding tube d. Wait 2 hrs, and try to flush again Passive abuse to the patient may include: withholding medication, food, treatment, and personal care. This is: a. abuse b. neglect c. assault d. abandonment Your 91 year old patient refuses her medications. What do you do FIRST? a. call the family b. come back an hour later c. respect her rights, ask her why d. crush and give in applesauce Hearing loss in the elderly: a. affects 27 million older adults b. increase with aging c. is gradual d. all of the above Vision loss in the elderly: a. involves increasing curvature of the cornea b. includes glaucoma, the leading cause of blindness in the elderly c. includes diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness in the elderly d. usually caused by medication toxicity Which statement is TRUE about Alzheimer's Disease? a. the disease is reversible with treatment b. early stages include the inability to perform ADL's c. routine and consistency have been proven to have no effect d. the goal is comfort, safety, satisfaction to the maximum level of function Risk factors for CHF include: a. CAD, HTN, DM, peripheral disease b. CAD, HTN, cardiomyopathy, valve disease c. CAD, HTN, age, renal insufficiency d. CAD, HTN, sex, alcoholism.
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This replaces the categories of mild, moderate, and severe asthma as outlined in the first NAEP Expert Panel Report. There are various samples of asthma action plans available. The NAEPP II Report includes some samples of commercially available forms. However, the Report does not recommend any particular form or format for action plans. The recommended frequency is decreased from the 1991 NAEP Guidelines, which had recommended twice daily monitoring in most patients. To identify circadian variability, the new recommendation is that the PEFR on awakening prior to administering medications ; is compared to one performed between noon and 2 p.m. The prior recommendation was to check the readings at 7: 00 a.m. and. The SER and Muscarinic Receptors Participate in MeHg-Induced Elevations of [Ca21]i To determine whether a muscarinic receptor-linked pathway contributes to the MeHg-induced elevations of [Ca21]i, several inhibitors were utilized either to deplete the SER 10 mM thapsigargin ; , inhibit muscarinic receptors 10 mM atropine ; , down-regulate and desensitize both muscarinic receptors and IP3 receptors 1 mM BCh ; , or inhibit ryanodine receptors 10 mM ryanodine ; . The efficacy of each treatment was first verified by assaying for its ability to decrease or abolish the peak increase in [Ca21]i produced in response to acute treatment with 1 mM BCh for 1.5 min in CGCs loaded with fura-2 Fig. 1; Table 1 ; . In the absence of MeHg, acute treatment with thapsigargin or atropine and desensitization of muscarinic receptors by 24 h treatment with BCh all abolished the BCh-mediated release of Ca21 from the IP3 receptor. Previous studies have conclusively demonstrated that application of a muscarinic agonist for 24 h will effectively down-regulate and desensitize both muscarinic and IP3 receptors in CGCs. Thus the loss of response to an acute application of BCh is in agreement with those studies Fohrman et al., 1993; Fukamauchi et al., 1993; Simpson et al., 1996; Wojcikiewicz et al., 1994 ; . Acute treatment with ryanodine significantly decreased the peak increase in [Ca21]i; thus, application of these pharmacological agents was sufficient to deplete significantly specific pools of Ca21. As described previously Hare et al., 1993; Marty and Atchison, 1997 ; , MeHg causes a biphasic increase in the ratio of fura-2 fluorescence. The first phase elevation is due to an increase in cytosolic Ca21 released from intracellular stores; the second phase is due to an influx of extracellular Ca21 see Limke and Atchison, 2002, for representative figures ; . The relative amplitude of the first-phase increase of [Ca21]i can be determined by measuring the ratio of fura-2 fluorescence in a nominally Ca21e-free solution ``EGTA-HBS'' ; see Limke and Atchison, 2002, for representative figures ; . Acute treatment with thapsigargin Fig. 2A ; , or atropine Fig. 2B ; or 24 pretreatment with BCh Fig. 2C ; , resulted in significant reduction in the amplitude of this first-phase increase of [Ca21]i caused by 0.21.0 mM MeHg. However ryanodine was not effective in this regard results not shown ; . This implicates not only the SER but also muscarinic receptors and IP3 receptors as contributors to the first-phase increase in [Ca21]i caused by MeHg. We then tested whether musarinic receptors are involved in the initial step s ; of MeHg-induced Ca21 elevations using atropine to block all subtypes of muscarinic receptors. In the presence of Ca21e, application of 10 mM atropine for 10 min prior to, as well as during, exposure to MeHg significantly delayed the and cimetidine, for instance, theo dur side effects. Nation with theophylline Theo-Dur ; . These reactions have included cardiac arrest, seizures, status epilepticus continuous attacks of epilepsy with no periods of consciousness ; , and respiratory failure. Safety and effectiveness of Cipro oral tablets and suspension have not been established in children and adolescents under 18 years of age. What is discouraging about all of this is the total lack of mention from our government and mainstream media of possible safer alternatives to drugs like Cipro. Specifically, documented studies indicate that therapeutic grade thyme oil is an effective remedy for anthrax and numerous other pathogens.3 To understand why, one needs to understand how large drug companies, like Bayer, make their money. These large corporations look at billions of dollars, not millions, as consideration in looking at potential products. Patent laws prevent natural products like thyme oil from being patented. Bayer is free to market thyme oil, but sales would be in the lower millions: not enough money to whet their corporate appetites. Then, too, there is a limited supply of thyme oil. Production of thyme plants could be increased, but even then sales would not meet expectations. Further, natural products, though they may be effective, do not have the ear of the medical profession. The simple truth is that our medical system relies heavily on pharmaceutically synthesized, petro-chemical drugs in treating their patients. Patients are seldom told of alternatives to drugs because most doctors are either not aware of them, or are prejudiced against their use. Inspite of legally prescribed drugs causing over 100, 000 deaths per year, doctors continue prescribing drugs like Cipro as though they are kind of a magic bullet.4 They are not. So the next time you hear the words "in Cipro we trust, " think about what those words mean, and their possible consequences. 1. Associated Press, Oct 17, 2001 2. : healthsquare pdrfg pd monos cipro 3. 1960, Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 4. JAMA Journal of The American Medical Association ; , Barbara Starfield, MD, of the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. `We couldn't use Ecstasy itself as a therapeutic compound, as the dose required to treat the tumour would kill the patient. But perhaps by breaking down the actions of this designer drug we can extract its cancer killing properties from more general toxic effects associated with its use' and differin.
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Biacore SSE: BCOR ; shot up 21% to SEK327 from SEK270 in response to an SEK330 a share cash bid by GE's GE Healthcare unit. The deal values the protein research tools company at SEK3.2 billion $441 million ; . The tender offer is expected to start by July 10. BTG LSE: BGC ; fell 23p 14% ; to 142p last week after announcing that it plans to start a Phase II trial of Varisolve for varicose veins even though it hasn't found a partner for the injectable microfoam. BGC said its "preferred strategy" was to have a partner before the trial got underway. The company is running the study in response to a 2003 clinical hold on the compound because of FDA concerns about the potential for gas embolism. The hold was lifted in 2005. Evotec FSE: EVT ; surged 0.45 16% ; to 3.24 after it partnered with Roche SWX: ROCZ ; to discover and develop compounds against a target for CNS diseases and other indications. The two companies have been working together over the past five years. EVT will be eligible for milestones that could exceed 100 million, plus royalties. Henderson Morley LSE: HML ; , which has been one of the most volatile U.K. biotech stocks, retreated 0.5p 11% ; to 4p on the week after the company announced that negotiations with an unnamed U.S. dermatology-focused pharma company have been extended by 30 days to July 18. Proteome LSE: PRM ; saw its shares jump 11.25p 26% ; to 53.75p on market rumors that the biomarker development company was a possible target of a 70p per share takeout bid. PRM has made no official statement. Tepnel LSE: TED ; rose 0.79p 13% ; to 6.88p after house broker Seymour Pierce raised its recommendation on the diagnostic services company to "buy" from "outperform, " citing its expectation that organ transplant monitoring kits, which have achieved European CE mark and FDA 510 k ; status, will transform the company.
From major bone injury or surgery can cause subtle changes for longer periods of time. The same is true for open heart surgery. The natural history of these changes deserves more study, but these changes are rarely a source of complaint for total joint surgery patients. Because strokes can be precipitated by heart rhythm changes after surgery and bleeding in the brain can occur with the use of blood thinners, any neurological symptoms require evaluation. Fortunately, however, most of these problems turn out to be from the narcotic pain medications or sleeping pills which can be stopped or decreased with quick resolution of symptoms. Infections can cause mental status changes. Systemic infections can occur with pneumonia, urinary tract infection urosepsis ; and wound infections. Treatment of these infections is urgent and requires further evaluation by your physician and feldene.
DBP also enhances the effectiveness of vitaminDinasecondway: thekidneyspossess DBP, thereby bringing vitamin D into the asneeded.37 healthy supply of DBP. Rats fed protein-deficient decreased ability to regulate calcium suchacondition, butDBPalsoplaysasecondary the blood; therefore, any kind of acute tissue the ability of toxins to cause liver damage, 40, 41 avoidanceofvegetableoils, excessivealcohol, maintainhealthylevelsofDBP. VITAMInD2VerSuSVITAMInD3 vitaminD: vitaminD3 is synthesized by animals and omnivorous mammals; vitamin D2 is synthesized industrially by irradiating yeast and is, for example, theo drug.
Few organizations have realized the full potential of their information assets, although most consider their information to be essential to the operation. Information residing in different sources within organizations are most often believed to hold significant value but rarely is there any methodological valuation done. For that reason, it is important to consider the value of information and related risk aspects not having the right information, in the right format at the right time ; , as important factors when deciding on building an information environment that supports full exploitation and business benefits of the information assets. Knowing the value of the information assets can lead to having a better understanding of the most and least valuable information in the organization as well as greater awareness of how information is being used, its usability and reliability. It is suggested that there is a need to maintain a balance between information assets value, risk and the commitment to IT IS order to steer and not to over invest in IT IS. This requires that organizations determine how they approach valuing information and for what reason. However, the task of measuring the value of information has continued to be difficult to a large extent. Although, some success has been achieved in measuring the exchange value of information, whereas its value in trade can be considered to follow the economic laws of supply and demand, but the quantitative value of information in use within an organization has been somewhat intangible. Therefore the approach of this thesis is to establish information as a concept in order to set the stage for how information is interpreted, valuated, increased in value and finally approach how to account for and minimize risk aspects of clinical research information and frusemide. PhRMA 2003b ; . Industry Profile 2003. Washington, DC: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America. PMPRB 1999 ; . Background Paper on U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs Formulary Prices. Prepared for the Working Group on Price Review Issues March ; . Ottawa, ON: Patented Medicine Prices Review Board. PMPRB 2001 ; . Annual Report 2000. Ottawa, ON: Patented Medicine Prices Review Board. PMPRB 2003 ; . Annual Report 2002. Ottawa, ON: Patented Medicine Prices Review Board. Pollard, Stephen 2003 ; . Pharmaceutical R&D Jeopardized in the EU. Fraser Forum February ; : 1719. Productivity Commission 2001 ; . International Pharmaceutical Price Differences. Research Report. Canberra: The Productivity Commission of the Commonwealth of Australia. Pryor, Carol, and Robert Seifert 2003 ; . Unintended Consequences: How Federal Regulations and Hospital Policies Can Leave Patients in Debt. New York, NY: The Commonwealth Fund. Reekie, W. Duncan 1996 ; . Medicine Prices and Innovation: An International Survey. Choices in Welfare Series No. 30. London: Institute of Economic Affairs. Rothnie, Warwick A. 1993 ; . Parallel Imports. London: Sweet & Maxwell. Ruff, Andrew 1992 ; . Releasing the Grays: In Support of Legalizing Parallel Imports. UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal 11, 1: 11954. Sager, Alan, and Deborah Socolar 2000 ; . A Prescription Drug Peace Treaty: Cutting Prices to Make Prescription Drugs Affordable for All and to Protect Research. Boston, MA: Boston University School of Public Health, Health Reform Program. Scherer, F.M. 1997 ; . How US Antitrust Legislation Can Go Astray: The Brand Name Prescription Drug Litigation. International Journal of the Economics of Business 4, 3: 23956. Schweitzer, Stuart O. 1997 ; . Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Scott Morton, Fiona 1997a ; . The Strategic Response by Pharmaceutical Firms to the Medicaid Most-Favoured Customer Rules. RAND Journal of Economics 28, 2: 26990. Scott Morton, Fiona 1997b ; . The Interaction between a Most-Favoured Customer Clause and Price Dispersion: An Empirical Examination of the Medicaid Rebate Rules of 1990. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 6, 1: 15174. Tabarrok, Alexander T. 2000 ; . Assessing the FDA via the Anomaly of Off-Label Drug Prescribing. The Independent Review V, 1: 2553. Thomas, Cindy Parks, Stanley S. Wallack, Sue Lee, and Grant A. Ritter 2002 ; . Impact of Health Plan Design and Management on Retirees' Prescription Drug Use and Spending, 2001. Health Affairs December 4 ; : W408W419. Towse, Adrian 1998 ; . The Pros and Cons of a Single "Euro-Price" for Drugs. Pharmacoeconomics 13, 3: 27176. US DHHS 2000 ; . Report to the President: Prescription Drug Coverage, Spending, Utilization, and Prices. Washington, DC: United States Department of Health and Human Services. US GAO 1997 ; . Drug Prices: Effects of Opening Federal Supply Schedule for Pharmaceuticals Are Uncertain. GAO HEHS-97-60. Washington, DC: United States General Accounting Office. US GAO 2000 ; . Prescription Drugs: Expanding Access to Federal Prices Could Cause Other Price Changes. GAO HEHS-00-118. Washington, DC: United States General Accounting Office. Vernon, John A. 2002 2003 ; . Drug Research and Price Controls. Regulation 25, 4: 2225. Vernon, John A. 2003 ; . Simulating the Impact of Price Regulation on Pharmaceutical Innovation. Pharmaceutical Development and Regulation 1, 5565. West, Peter, and James Mahon 2003 ; . Benefits to Payers and Patients from Parallel Trade. Heslington, England: York Health Economics Consortium. Wielawski, Irene 2000 ; . Gouging the Medically Uninsured: A Tale of Two Bills. Health Affairs 19, 5: 18085, for instance, theodur medication.
Esterolytic activity on bemzoylarginine ethyl ester which was blocked by pheny].metbylsulfonylfluoride. The PAA was identified as a complement-fixing gaa G antibody which could be adsorbed from the ALG with human splenic lymphocytes. The PAA of the ALG is comparable to the PAA of a standard collagen preparation. Acid eluates from the splenic lymphocytes, MG, and its gaa G fraction demonstrate complement-fixing activity against a panel of 50 different platelet preparations in a quantitative complement-fixation assay . This activity is blocked by rabbit anti-horse gamma G serum. The PCA and PAA are both heat stable 56# , 30 isin ; . The presence of both PCA and PAA in the same serum y lead to clot-promoting activity, especially if given by the intravenous route of administration. Sera should be screened for PCA and PAA prior to clinical use. MS with these properties should not be given by the intravenous route. 38. INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION IN HYPERBETALIPOPROTEINEI'ffA. CarvaTho, A. CP, Lees # R. S ., Volinsky, f' and Colman, R.W. Mass. Genl. Rosp. and Harvard Med. Sch., Boston and Arteriosc. Ctr., KIT, Cambridge , Mass . Familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia type II ; is characterized by a premature and excessive morbidity and mortality due to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The occurrence of intravascular coagulation was elevated by measurement of high molecular weight derivatives of fibrinogen H44F ; using 4% agarose gel filtration. Fibrinogen degradation products FDP ; were and keflex.
TLC Member Groups by Zip Code Location and Number of Eligible Employees Self-Funded Products Enrollment July 97 June 98 by product and membership class. Self-Funded paid claims experience for July 97 June 98 period. 1. Trigon claims experience medical surgical, prescription drug & dental. 2. Green Spring claims experience mental illness and substance abuse. TLC Utilization data provided by Trigon for July 97 June 98 period. 19 pages. Marijuana - smoking marijuana may reduce the effectiveness of theo-dur and nifedipine. 5. The ADA now defines fasting glucose levels of as prediabetes. a. 90 to 115 mg dL b. 100 to 140 mg dL c. 100 to 125 mg dL d. 118 to 125 mg dL 6. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 PAI-1 ; , is a. involved in a major clotting mechanism. b. loosely associated with cardiovascular disease. c. a poor predictor of type 2 diabetes. d. of no interest to endocrinology researchers. 7. According to a study conducted by Ford et al. using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, what is the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States? a. 11% b. 24% c. 34% d. 47% 8. Which of the following is false? a. Adipose tissue releases triglycerides and fatty acids, which can cause insulin resistance; it also releases the inflammatory marker CRP and adiponectin. b. Adiponectin, an adipose tissue-specific circulating protein, improves insulin sensitivity and reduces insulin resistance. c. Obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes have decreased adiponectin plasma levels. d. Increasing serum adiponectin levels are associated with an increased body weight. 9. Select the answer that best describes what the statin drugs do. a. Elevate LDL, elevate CRP levels b. Elevate LDL, lower CRP levels c. Lower LDL, elevate CRP levels d. Lower LDL, lower CRP levels 10. Select the statement that is true concerning adipose tissue: a. CT scan or MRI cannot establish exact adipose tissue location. b. Researchers have known since 1947 that men tend to gain weight in 2 separate places: in their hips and centrally abdominally ; . c. Women tend to gain weight abdominally only. d. Growing circumstantial evidence indicates that visceral fat detected by CT or MRI correlates more closely with metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity, increasing diabetes risk 10-fold.
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Asthma Introduction Although the exact causes of asthma are unknown, several factors, including exercise, may induce an asthma attack. The majority of patients with asthma and patients with allergies will have exercise-induced bronchospasm EIB ; . EIB usually occurs during or minutes after vigorous activity, reaches it's peak 5-10 minutes after stopping the activity, and usually resolves in another 20-30 minutes. Asthma Medications Depending on the severity of asthma, medications can be taken on an as-needed basis prn ; or regularly to prevent or decrease breathing difficulty. Most of the medications fall into two major groups: quick relief medications and long-term control medications. Quick relief medications are used to treat asthma symptoms or an asthma episode. The most common quick relief medications are the short-acting beta-agonists that relieve asthma symptoms by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways. Common beta-agonists include Proventil and Ventolin albuterol ; , Maxair pirbuterol ; , and Alupent metaproterenol ; . Atrovent ipatroprium ; , an anticholinergic, is a quick relief medication that opens the airways by blocking reflexes through nerves that control the smooth muscle around the airways. Steroid pills and syrups, such as Deltasone prednisone ; , Medrol methylprednisolone ; , and Prelone or Pediapred prednisolone ; are very effective at reducing swelling and mucus production in the airways; however, these medications take 48-72 hours to take effect. Long-term control medications are used daily to maintain control of asthma and prevent asthma symptoms. Intal cromolyn sodium ; and Tilade nedocromil ; are long-term control medications which help prevent swelling in the airways. Inhaled steroids are also long-term control medications. In addition to preventing swelling, they also reduce swelling inside the airways and may decrease mucus production. Common inhaled steroids include Vanceril, Vanceril DS, Beclovent, and Beclovent DS beclomethasone ; , Azmacort triamcinolone ; , Aerobid flunisolide ; , Flovent fluticasone ; and Pulmicort budesonide ; . Leukotriene modifiers are new long-term control medications. They may reduce swelling inside the airways and relax smooth muscles around the airways. Common leukotriene modifiers include Accolate zafirlukast ; , Zyflo zileuton ; and Singulair muntelukast ; . Another long-term control medication, Theophylline, relaxes the smooth muscle around the airways. Common theophyllines in oral form include Theo-Dur, Slo-Bid, Uniphyl and UniDur. Serevent salmeterol ; , in inhaler form, is also a long-term control medication. As a long-acting betaantagonist, it opens the airways in the lungs by relaxing smooth muscle around the airways. Inhaled Medications Inhaled medications are delivered directly to the airways, which is useful for lung disease. Aerosol devices for inhaled medications may include the metered-dose inhaler MDI ; , MDI with spacer, breath activated MDI, dry powder inhaler or nebulizer. The most commonly used inhaled medications are delivered by the MDI, with or without the spacer. There are few side-effects because the medicine goes right to the lungs and not to other parts of the body. It is critical that the patient use the prescribed MDI correctly to get the full dosage and benefit from the medication. Unless the inhaler is used in the right manner much of the medicine may end up on the patient's tongue, the back of their throat, or in the air. Use of a spacer or holding chamber helps significantly with this problem and their use is strongly recommended. A spacer is a device that attaches to a MDI and holds the medication in its chamber long enough for the patient to inhale it in one or two slow deep breaths. This eliminates the possibility of inadequate medicine delivery from poor patient technique. Using the MDI The UGA sports medicine staff may assist a student-athlete in the use of a prescribed MDI as follows: Remove the cap from MDI and hold the inhaler upright Shake the inhaler Tilt patient head back slightly and have patient breathe out Open mouth with inhaler 1-2 inches away or mouth to spacer mouthpiece if spacer available ; Press down on the inhaler to release the medication as patient starts to breathe in slowly Patient breathes in slowly for 3-5 seconds Patient holds breath for 10 seconds to allow the medication to reach deeply into the lungs Repeat puffs as prescribed; waiting 1 minute between puffs may permit the 2nd puff to go deeper into the lungs If possible, ausculate breath sounds and measure peak expiratory flow rate PEFR ; prior to and after MDI administration and selegiline.

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