Repaglinide
SUMMARY Prescription volume for the year to June 2005 increased by 5.2%. Although the underlying rate of increase could be higher due to the change in the number of dispensing days in the year, it is unlikely to exceed 5.5% per annum for 2005 06. Total volume growth of 6.0% in 2005 2006 is however anticipated due to the extension of repeat dispensing to all PCTs. Cost has increased by 3.1% for the year to June 2005; the rate of growth in prescribing cost has shown a downward trend since September 2002. A further slow down in growth is expected as a result of the renegotiated PPRS and the generic price reductions introduced by the Department of Health. Thus in conclusion, She brought him in abusion; In earnest and in game She was much to blame; Disparaged is her fame, And blemished is her name, In manner half with shame; Troilus also hath lost On her much love and cost, And now must kiss the post; Pandarus, that went between, Hath won nothing, I ween, But light for summer green; Yet for a special laud He is named Troilus' bawd; Of that name he is sure Whiles the world shall 'dure. Though I remember the fable Of Penelope66 most stable, To her husband most true, Yet long-time she ne knew Whether he were live or dead; Her wit stood her in stead, That she was true and just For any bodily lust To Ulysses her make, And never would him forsake. Of Marcus Marcellus67 A process I could tell us; And of Antiochus, 68 And of Josephus69 De Antiquitatibus; And of Mardocheus, 70 And of great Ahasuerus, And of Vesca his queen, Whom he forsook with teen, And of Esther his other wife, With whom he led a pleasant life; Of King Alexander; 71 And of King Evander; 72 And of Porsena the great, 73 That made the Romans to sweat. Though I have enrolled A thousand new and old Of these historious tales, To fill budgets and males With books that I have read. News by specialty meeting coverage state required cme allergy & immunology cardiovascular dermatology emergency medicine endocrinology gastroenterology hematology oncology hiv aids infectious disease croi meeting iac meeting ias meeting icaac meeting idsa meeting options vi influenza ; meeting sccm meeting flu & uri general infectious disease hepatitis hiv aids pneumonia public health stds tuberculosis vaccines nephrology neurology ob gyn ophthalmology pediatrics primary care product alert psychiatry public health & policy pulmonary radiology rheumatology surgery urology returning users: log in cme tracker sccm: icu stays are traumatic for kids by michael smith, senior staff writer, medpage today reviewed by zalman agus, md; emeritus professor at the university of pennsylvania school of medicine, for example, repaglinide metformin. O2 Relative molecular mass. 32.00 Chemical name. Oxygen; CAS Reg. No. 7782-44-7. Description. A colourless gas; odourless. Solubility. One volume dissolves in about 32 volumes of water and in about 7 volumes of ethanol ~750 g l ; TS, both at a pressure of 101.3 kPa and 20 C. Category. Gas for inhalation. Storage. Oxygen should be kept as compressed gas or liquid at cryogenic temperature, in appropriate containers complying with the safety regulations of the national authority. Labelling. An ISO standard1 requires that cylinders containing oxygen intended for medical use should bear the name of the contents in legible and permanent characters and, preferably, also the molecular formula O2. Additional information. In the analysis of medicinal gases certain tests are not intended for hospital pharmacists. They are solely applicable by laboratories equipped with the specialized apparatus. Valves or taps should not be lubricated with oil or grease. It is recommended that cylinders marked as described above are not used for other gases. IPCA Laboratories Limited IVAX Pharmaceuticals Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Korea United Pharm. Inc. Laboratorios Cinfa S.A. Lupin Laboratories Ltd and pravastatin. S COMBINATION THERAPY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES The most effective treatment of moderate hyperglycemia hemoglobin A1c 7% to 8% ; or severe hyperglycemia hemoglobin A1c 8% ; is a combination either of oral agents that have different modes of action or of oral agents with insulin replacement.48 Combinations of oral agents Combination oral therapy usually involves an insulin sensitizer and an insulin secretogogue. The addition of the second agent usually lowers the mean hemoglobin A1c level 1.0 to 1.4 percentage points more than monotherapy when the baseline value is between 8.5% and 9.5%.48 Data are available on glyburide-metformin, repaglinidemetformin, nateglinide-metformin, sulfonylurea-pioglitazone, sulfonylurea-rosiglitazone, repaglinide-pioglitazone, and repaglinide-rosiglitazone.48, 6770 From 30% to 50% of patients taking these regimens lower their hemoglobin A1c levels to 7.0% or less. Some combinations can be given in a single pill: eg, glyburide and metformin Glucovance ; . The advantage of a single pill is lower cost, a single copayment for the patient, and better compliance. The disadvantage is the fixed ratio of the drugs, which rules out dosage adjustment of an individual agent. Combination therapy can start with submaximal doses of each agent, or after the dose of the first agent has been maximized. Few data are available to prove which approach is better, but starting with a combination has the potential advantages of more expeditious control of glycemia and fewer side effects. Metformin plus a thiazolidinedione has been shown to improve glycemic control, lowering hemoglobin A1c by 1.0 to 1.2 percentage points compared with maximum doses of either drug alone, when the mean baseline hemoglobin A1c level was between 8.5% and 9.5%.67, 70 This additive benefit in glycemic control occurs because these agents improve insulin resistance by different mechanisms and in different tissues! Nateglinide: study on cardiovascular and beta-cell K ATP ; channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 291: 13721379, 1999 Dorschner H, Brekardin E, Uhde I, Schwanstecher C, Schwanstecher M: Stoichiometry of sulfonylurea-induced ATP-sensitive potassium channel closure. Mol Pharmacol 55: 1060 1066, Fuhlendorff J, Rorsman P, Kofod H, Brand CL, Rolin B, MacKay P, Shymko R, Carr RD: Stimulation of insulin release by repaglinide and glibenclamide involves both common and distinct processes. Diabetes 47: 345351, 1998 Fujita T, Seto Y, Kondo N, Kato R: Studies on the N- trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl ; -carbonyl-D-phenylalanin e A-4166 ; receptor in HIT T-15 cells: displacement of [3H]glibenclamide. Biochem Pharmacol 52: 407 411, Ikenoue T, Akiyoshi M, Fujitani S, Okazaki K, Kondo N, Maki T: Hypoglycaemic and insulinotropic effects of a novel oral antidiabetic agent, - ; -N- ; -D-phenylalanine A-4166 ; . Br J Pharmacol 120: 137145, 1997 Malaisse-Lagae F, Malaisse WJ: Fate of 3H- and 14C-labelled A-4166 in pancreatic islets. Acta Diabetol 33: 298 300, Hu S, Wang S, Dunning BE: Glucose-dependent and glucose-sensitizing insulinotropic effect of nateglinide: comparison to sulfonylureas and repaglinide. Int Jnl Experimental Diabetes Res 2: 6372, 2001 Gromada J, Dissing S, Kofod H, Frokjaer-Jensen J: Effects of the hypoglycaemic drugs repaglinide and glibenclamide on ATP-sensitive potassiumchannels and cytosolic calcium levels in beta TC3 cells and rat pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 38: 10251032, 1995 Bokvist K, Hoy M, Poulsen CR, Buschard K, Gromada J: A4166, but not repaglinde stimulate Ca2 -evoked KATP-channel independent, secretion in rat pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells Abstract ; . Diabetologia 41: A139, 1998 34. Bokvist K, Hoy M, Buschard K, Holst JJ, Thomsen MK, Gromada J: Selectivity of prandial glucose regulators: nateglinide, but not repaglinide, accelerates exocytosis in rat pancreatic A-cells. Eur J Pharm 386: 105111, 1999 Hoy M, Olsen HL, Bokvist K, Buschard K, Barg S, Rorsman P, Gromada J: Tolbutamide stimulates exocytosis of glucagon by inhibition of a mitochondrial-like ATP-sensitive K KATP ; conductance in rat pancreatic A-cells. J Physiol 527: 109 120, Fujitani S, Ikenoue T, Akiyoshi M, Maki T, Yada T: Somatostatin and insulin secretion due to common mechanisms by a new hypoglycemic agent, A-4166, in perfused rat pancreas. Metabolism 45: 184 189, Eliasson L, Renstrom E, Ammala C, Berggren PO, Bertorello AM, Bokvist K, Chibalin A, Deeney JT, Flatt PR, Gabel J, Gromada J, Larsson O, Lindstrom P, Rhodes CJ, Rorsman P: PKC-dependent stimulation of exocytosis by sulfonylureas in pancreatic beta cells. Science 271: 813 815, Ozanne SE, Guest PC, Hutton JC, Hales CN: Intracellular localization and molecular heterogeneity of the sulphonylurea receptor in insulin-secreting cells. Diabetologia 38: 277282, 1995 and prograf. 10. Answer: e. Reference APF 20. 11. Answer: The intended correct answer was `d'. This was based upon Item 6 of Schedule 5 p.189 ; of the Therapeutic Goods Regulations 1990, Therapeutic goods exempt from the operation of Part 3-2 of the Act: "medications other than medicines for gene therapy ; that are dispensed or extemporaneously compounded, for a particular person for application to that person". While this would suggest general sale of such a medicine i.e. not for a particular person for application to that person ; is not allowed, it has come to light that another part of the Regulations may soften this restriction. Subsection 2 of Schedule 8 p.222 ; Persons exempt from the operation of Part 3-3 of the Act provides exemption for pharmacists to manufacture medicines for supply other than by wholesale ; on or from those premises. It appears the combination of the two pieces of legislation means a pharmacist could, for example, make up a batch of cough mixture and provided it is made in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice principles and Poisons Act Regulations ; have this for general sale from that pharmacy. However, if the cough mixture was provided for sale at another pharmacy this would contravene the Therapeutic Goods exemption. In view of the above, the only fair option was to provide full marks for pharmacists who completed Q.11. To review the Therapeutic Goods Regulations in more detail visit the following weblink: : comlaw.gov.au ComLaw Legislation 0 2B15CB50BAEFC979 CA2570660081DCE0 $file TherapeuticGoodsRegs1990WD02 12. Answer: d. Reference: Australian Prescriber 29 1 ; , Feb 2006. Outgrowing doses is more appropriate in infancy because "rapid somatic growth at this age produces relative dose reduction more rapidly than in older children". 13. Answer: b. Note option `e' shoul; d have read "If a meal is missed then the corresponding dose of repaglinide should also be missed" ; . References: Australian Prescriber 2006; 29: 41-42; AMH 2006 14. Answer: d. Roping-off sections of the shop and using island registers are not appropriate solutions to restricting access to pseudoephedrine products. In fact, single entity and combination products should be stored out of a customers' sight preferably in the dispensary. Note: option `a' should have read "Prescription only products include: Solid dose pseudoephedrine products with more than 720mg per pack or liquid pseudoephedrine products with more than 800mg per bottle pack" ; . Reference: AJP May 2006 Vol 87 page 66. 15. Answer: c. The morphine equivalent contributed by MS Contin, Panadeine Forte and Endone 120mg + ~10mg 200mg codeine 30mg morphine ; + ~15mg 15-20mg oxycodone 30mg morphine ; ~145mg Total morphine is within 135-224mg day Reference: Durogesic PI. 16. Answer: a. Reference: Australian Pharmacist Feb 2006 25 2 ; , pp 134-136. 17. Answer: d. This is a deeper question than first appears. The first point is to recognise the urgent request for a combination of medicines used for palliative management; the urgent nature suggests rapid decline in health with the pneumonia, as is not uncommon with the very elderly. Second, this man is a 92yo long term resident at the nursing home. He is therefore like any other person living at home; people in aged care homes are not `patients', as in a hospital, but residents in their home. As such the decision to rush off to hospital requires the same consideration as the scenario of a GP visiting the same man living in his own house home. Reference: Therapeutic Guidelines Palliative Care version 2, 2005. What is repaglinide used forIf you made a New Year's resolution but are struggling to keep your resolve as spring begins, don't be discouraged. Overcoming bad habits is hard work, but you can do it -- with our help. Listed below are a couple of the top New Year's resolutions, with ideas on how UPMC for Life can help you keep them in 2007: Eat less and exercise more -- In January, UPMC for Life introduced a new offering for its Medicare Advantage HMO and PPO members -- Silver&FitTM, a healthy aging program for seniors. There are no copayments, coinsurances, or deductibles for any of the Silver&Fit programs. The Silver&Fit program includes a fitness club membership, fitness classes, and social activities. For more information about Silver&Fit, see the story on this program elsewhere in this newsletter or call 1-877-427-4788. Quit using tobacco -- Quitting tobacco is a difficult -- but not impossible -- change to make in your life. As a UPMC for Life member, you have access to counseling services in addition to coverage for prescription "quit aids." N. Repaglinide suppliersRepaglinide pptThe Marketed Health Products Directorate MHPD ; , Therapeutic Products Directorate TPD ; and Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate BGTD ; posts safety alerts, public health advisories, press releases and other notices from industry as a service to health professionals, consumers, and other interested parties. Although MHPD, TPD and BGTD approve therapeutic products, MHPD, TPD and BGTD do not endorse either the product or the company. Any questions regarding product information should be discussed with your health professional. This is duplicated text of a letter from Bayer Inc. Consumer Care Division Contact the company for a copy of any references, attachments or enclosures and pheniramine. Ganized under the laws of West Virginia having its principal place of business in Morgantown, West Virginia, and is registered as a foreign business in the State of New York. Mylan Pharmaceuticals is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mylan Laboratories. Second Am. Compl. Against Mylan 8-11; Mylan's Answer, Affirmative Defenses, and Countercls. to Pls.' Second Am. Compl. "Mylan's Answer & Countercls. to Second Am. Compl." ; 8-11. ; Defendant Esteve Quimica, S.A. is a company existing under the laws of Spain, with its principal place of business in Barcelona, Spain. Defendant Laboratorios Dr. Esteve, S.A. is a company existing under the laws of Spain, with its principal place of business at Barcelona, Spain. Esteve Quimica and Laboratorios Dr. Esteve have entered into agreements, collaborated, and engaged in activities with Mylan Pharmaceuticals relating to the product that is the subject of Mylan Pharmaceuticals' ANDA No. 75-876. Compl. Against Esteve 8, 10, 15; Defendants' Answer, Affirmative Defenses, and Countercls. to Pls.' Compl. "Esteve's Answer & Countercls. to Compl." ; 8, 10, 15. ; Defendant Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., formerly known as Lek Pharmaceutical and Chemical Company d.d., is a corporation organized under the laws of Slovenia, having its principal place of business at Ljubljana, Verovskova, Slovenia. Defendant Lek Services, Inc., formerly known as Lek USA, is a corporation organized under the laws of Delaware, having its principal place of business at WilmFN3 ington, North Carolina. Second Am. Compl. Against Lek 8-9; Lek's Am. Answer to Second Am. Compl. and Countercls. "Lek Answer & Countercls. to Second Am. Compl." ; 8-9. ; FN3. Lek was acquired during the pendency of this litigation by Novartis and became part of Sandoz, an affiliate of Novartis. Decl. of Peter Rupprecht at 4, 6. ; Defendant Apotex Corp. is a Delaware corporation with a place of business in Vernon Hills, Illinois. Defendant Apotex, Inc. is a Canadian corporation with a place of business in Weston, Ontario, Canada. Apotex Corp. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apotex, Inc. Defendant TorPharm, Inc. is a Canadian corporation with its principal place of business in Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada. Second Am. Compl Against Apotex 8-11; Apotex's Answer. Take repagl9nide 15 to 30 minutes before each meal and progesterone. Repaglinide solubility
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